Cron表达式在线生成解释器

在线生成和解释 Linux/Quartz Cron 表达式，可视化选择分、时、日、月、周，实时显示未来 10 次执行时间，适合配置定时任务。
分
时
日
月
周
生成的Cron表达式
中文解释
</div><div class="result" id="result"><h3>未来10次触发时间</h3><div id="t_next_times"></div></div>
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  <div class="content">
<h2>工具介绍</h2><p>Cron表达式是用于定义定时任务执行规则的标准表达式，本工具支持可视化生成标准5段Cron表达式，同时提供中文解释和未来10次触发时间推算。</p><h2>使用方法</h2><p>分别对分、时、日、月、周五个时间维度选择规则类型：</p><ul><li>任意：表示该维度不限制，每一个值都满足</li><li>指定值：仅指定的单个值满足条件</li><li>周期：从指定起始值开始，每隔固定步长满足</li><li>范围：在指定的起止区间内都满足</li><li>列表：指定多个值，满足任意一个即可</li></ul><p>选择完成后会自动生成Cron表达式、中文解释，并列出未来10次满足规则的触发时间。</p><h2>计算说明</h2><p>标准5段Cron格式：<code>分 时 日 月 周</code></p><ul><li>分：取值范围0-59</li><li>时：取值范围0-23</li><li>日：取值范围1-31</li><li>月：取值范围1-12（1代表1月）</li><li>周：取值范围0-6（0代表周日，1代表周一，以此类推）</li></ul><p>本工具计算触发时间基于浏览器本地时间，仅供参考，不构成专业开发建议。</p>
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  <div class="faq"><details><summary>为什么Cron有不同的段数？我这个应该用5段还是6段？</summary><p>Cron常见格式有5段和6段（部分系统还有7段）：5段就是分 时 日 月 周，6段通常多了秒位在最前面。Linux/Unix系统的Cron默认使用5段格式，大部分编程语言的定时任务库也兼容这个格式。如果是需要秒级精度的任务，会使用6段格式（开头增加秒位）。</p></details><details><summary>日和周同时指定会怎么处理？</summary><p>标准Cron规则是日和周两个条件只要满足一个就会触发，例如指定日为1，周为周日，则每个月1号和每个周日都会触发任务。</p></details><details><summary>推算的触发时间和实际服务器的时间一致吗？</summary><p>不一致，本工具推算的触发时间基于你当前设备的本地时区和时间，如果你的服务器使用不同时区，需要自行转换时区。</p></details><details><summary>为什么有些日期比如31号无法触发？</summary><p>如果指定日为31号，那么只有31天的月份会触发，2月、30天的月份不会触发这个规则，如果需要每月最后一天触发，需要使用特殊写法（部分Cron实现支持L，本工具暂不支持特殊符号）。</p></details></div>
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<script>
const fields = [  { id: 'minute', name: '分', min: 0, max: 59 },  { id: 'hour', name: '时', min: 0, max: 23 },  { id: 'day', name: '日', min: 1, max: 31 },  { id: 'month', name: '月', min: 1, max: 12 },  { id: 'week', name: '周', min: 0, max: 6 }];const weekNames = ['周日', '周一', '周二', '周三', '周四', '周五', '周六'];const monthNames = ['', '一月', '二月', '三月', '四月', '五月', '六月', '七月', '八月', '九月', '十月', '十一月', '十二月'];function renderParam(field) {  const container = document.getElementById(`t_${field.id}_param`);  const type = document.getElementById(`t_${field.id}_type`).value;  container.innerHTML = '';  if (type === 'any') {    return;  } else if (type === 'value') {    const select = document.createElement('select');    select.id = `t_${field.id}_value`;    for (let i = field.min; i <= field.max; i++) {      const opt = document.createElement('option');      opt.value = i;      if (field.id === 'week') {        opt.textContent = weekNames[i];      } else if (field.id === 'month') {        opt.textContent = monthNames[i];      } else {        opt.textContent = i;      }      select.appendChild(opt);    }    container.appendChild(select);  } else if (type === 'step') {    const inputStart = document.createElement('input');    inputStart.type = 'number';    inputStart.min = field.min;    inputStart.max = field.max;    inputStart.value = field.min;    inputStart.id = `t_${field.id}_start`;    const inputStep = document.createElement('input');    inputStep.type = 'number';    inputStep.min = 1;    inputStep.max = (field.max - field.min);    inputStep.value = 1;    inputStep.id = `t_${field.id}_step`;    container.appendChild(document.createTextNode('从 '));    container.appendChild(inputStart);    container.appendChild(document.createTextNode(' 每 '));    container.appendChild(inputStep);    container.appendChild(document.createTextNode(' 执行一次'));  } else if (type === 'range') {    const inputFrom = document.createElement('input');    inputFrom.type = 'number';    inputFrom.min = field.min;    inputFrom.max = field.max;    inputFrom.value = field.min;    inputFrom.id = `t_${field.id}_from`;    const inputTo = document.createElement('input');    inputTo.type = 'number';    inputTo.min = field.min;    inputTo.max = field.max;    inputTo.value = field.max;    inputTo.id = `t_${field.id}_to`;    container.appendChild(document.createTextNode('从 '));    container.appendChild(inputFrom);    container.appendChild(document.createTextNode(' 到 '));    container.appendChild(inputTo);  } else if (type === 'list') {    const input = document.createElement('input');    input.type = 'text';    input.placeholder = '逗号分隔多个值，例如 1,3,5';    input.id = `t_${field.id}_list`;    container.appendChild(input);  }}function buildCron() {  let parts = [];  let descParts = [];  let valid = true;  for (const field of fields) {    const typeEl = document.getElementById(`t_${field.id}_type`);    if (!typeEl) continue;    const type = typeEl.value;    let part = '*';    let desc = '';    switch(type) {      case 'any':        part = '*';        desc = `每${field.name}`;        break;      case 'value':        const valueEl = document.getElementById(`t_${field.id}_value`);        const v = parseInt(valueEl.value, 10);        if (isNaN(v) || v < field.min || v > field.max) {          valid = false;        } else {          part = String(v);          if (field.id === 'week') {            desc = `${weekNames[v]}执行`;          } else if (field.id === 'month') {            desc = `${monthNames[v]}执行`;          } else {            desc = `${field.name}为${v}时执行`;          }        }        break;      case 'step':        const startEl = document.getElementById(`t_${field.id}_start`);        const stepEl = document.getElementById(`t_${field.id}_step`);        const s = parseInt(startEl.value, 10);        const step = parseInt(stepEl.value, 10);        if (isNaN(s) || s < field.min || s > field.max || isNaN(step) || step < 1) {          valid = false;        } else {          part = `${s}/${step}`;          desc = `从${s}开始每${step}${field.name}执行一次`;        }        break;      case 'range':        const fromEl = document.getElementById(`t_${field.id}_from`);        const toEl = document.getElementById(`t_${field.id}_to`);        const from = parseInt(fromEl.value, 10);        const to = parseInt(toEl.value, 10);        if (isNaN(from) || from < field.min || from > field.max || isNaN(to) || to < from || to > field.max) {          valid = false;        } else {          part = `${from}-${to}`;          desc = `${field.name}在${from}到${to}之间执行`;        }        break;      case 'list':        const listEl = document.getElementById(`t_${field.id}_list`);        const listStr = listEl.value.trim();        const list = listStr.split(',').map(x => parseInt(x.trim(), 10)).filter(x => !isNaN(x) && x >= field.min && x <= field.max);        if (list.length === 0) {          valid = false;        } else {          part = list.join(',');          if (field.id === 'week') {            desc = `每周[${list.map(x => weekNames[x]).join(',')}]执行`;          } else {            desc = `${field.name}[${list.join(',')}]执行`;          }        }        break;    }    parts.push(part);    descParts.push(desc);  }  if (!valid) {    document.getElementById('t_cron_output').value = '';    document.getElementById('t_description').value = '请检查输入参数是否合法';    document.getElementById('t_next_times').innerHTML = '';    return;  }  const cron = parts.join(' ');  document.getElementById('t_cron_output').value = cron;  const desc = '触发规则：' + descParts.join('，');  document.getElementById('t_description').value = desc;  calculateNextTimes(cron);}function parseCronPart(part, min, max) {  if (part === '*') {    return { type: 'any', values: null };  }  if (part.includes('/')) {    const [base, stepStr] = part.split('/');    const step = parseInt(stepStr, 10);    if (base === '*') {      return { type: 'step', start: min, step: step };    } else {      const start = parseInt(base, 10);      return { type: 'step', start: start, step: step };    }  }  if (part.includes('-')) {    const [from, to] = part.split('-').map(x => parseInt(x, 10));    return { type: 'range', from: from, to: to };  }  if (part.includes(',')) {    const list = part.split(',').map(x => parseInt(x, 10));    return { type: 'list', list: list };  }  const val = parseInt(part, 10);  return { type: 'value', value: val };}function matchesCron(value, parsed, min, max) {  value = parseInt(value, 10);  switch(parsed.type) {    case 'any':      return true;    case 'value':      return value === parsed.value;    case 'step':      return value >= parsed.start && ((value - parsed.start) % parsed.step === 0);    case 'range':      return value >= parsed.from && value <= parsed.to;    case 'list':      return parsed.list.includes(value);    default:      return false;  }}function getNextTime(cron, afterTime) {  let [minuteStr, hourStr, dayStr, monthStr, weekStr] = cron.split(' ');  const minuteParsed = parseCronPart(minuteStr, 0, 59);  const hourParsed = parseCronPart(hourStr, 0, 23);  const dayParsed = parseCronPart(dayStr, 1, 31);  const monthParsed = parseCronPart(monthStr, 1, 12);  const weekParsed = parseCronPart(weekStr, 0, 6);  let date = new Date(afterTime.getTime() + 60000);  let maxIter = 100000;  while (maxIter-- > 0) {    const minute = date.getMinutes();    const hour = date.getHours();    const day = date.getDate();    const month = date.getMonth() + 1;    const week = date.getDay();    if (!matchesCron(minute, minuteParsed, 0, 59)) {      date.setMinutes(date.getMinutes() + 1);      continue;    }    if (!matchesCron(hour, hourParsed, 0, 23)) {      date.setMinutes(0);      date.setHours(date.getHours() + 1);      continue;    }    if (!matchesCron(day, dayParsed, 1, 31) || !matchesCron(week, weekParsed, 0, 6)) {      date.setMinutes(0);      date.setHours(0);      date.setDate(date.getDate() + 1);      continue;    }    if (!matchesCron(month, monthParsed, 1, 12)) {      date.setMinutes(0);      date.setHours(0);      date.setDate(1);      date.setMonth(date.getMonth() + 1);      continue;    }    return date;  }  return null;}function calculateNextTimes(cron) {  const container = document.getElementById('t_next_times');  container.innerHTML = '';  let nextTimes = [];  let current = new Date();  for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {    const next = getNextTime(cron, current);    if (!next) break;    nextTimes.push(next);    current = next;  }  if (nextTimes.length === 0) {    container.innerHTML = '<p>无法计算触发时间，请检查表达式是否合法</p>';    return;  }  const table = document.createElement('table');  table.style.width = '100%';  for (let i = 0; i < nextTimes.length; i++) {    const tr = document.createElement('tr');    const td1 = document.createElement('td');    td1.textContent = `第${i+1}次`;    const td2 = document.createElement('td');    td2.textContent = nextTimes[i].toLocaleString('zh-CN');    tr.appendChild(td1);    tr.appendChild(td2);    table.appendChild(tr);  }  container.appendChild(table);}for (const field of fields) {  const select = document.getElementById(`t_${field.id}_type`);  renderParam(field);  select.addEventListener('change', () => {    renderParam(field);    buildCron();  });  document.getElementById(`t_${field.id}_param`).addEventListener('input', buildCron);}buildCron();
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